本文我們將介紹支撐以及阻力線的基本只是。支撐阻力線（S&R lines ）與最基本的技術分析工具一致，並且可以作為檢測價格遇到阻礙時的可視化指示器。換句話說，價格在該位置遇到困難。支撐或阻力位可以在任何時間框架中（1分鐘圖或月圖）。它們其中的一些線有效期可以是幾年。
支撐和阻力位是非常重要的工具，因為交易者往往在這些重要價位操作。這就增加了預測匯率走勢的可能性。通常，時間框架越大，它對資本的影響也就越大。但是，即使是1分鐘圖，你也會發現支撐以及阻力位的作用。
水平支撐以及阻力線
為了劃出支撐阻力位，你需要至少兩個價格反彈的聯系點。這些點是價格圖表上的最高點以及最低點。聯系點越多，那麼關註該支撐阻力位的交易者也就越多。如果一條線僅有2個聯系點，或者價格並沒有真正發生反彈，那麼大部分交易者將不會考慮它，而且價格突破這條線也不會有很大的影響。
下圖中，一些線僅僅作為臨時的阻力線，價格會觸碰它們，擊穿它們甚至最終穿過它們。而另外一些線則充當更長久的阻礙，價格明顯的發生反彈。蠟燭圖已經通過主體以及燭芯來反映支撐阻力水平，而這些線則更加方便觀看。
即使當今天的大部分市場預測者沒有對之前的支撐阻力位做出貢獻，但是一些線可以持續幾年並且當前仍然有效。當你劃出較長時間框架的支撐阻力線時，應該首先了解80、90年代的支撐阻力線。
下圖是美日的月線圖。正如你看到的，很多水平線已經存在幾年了，因此，我們預測它們在未來仍將持續有效。你能做的就是利用不同顔色的線來表示不同時間段的高點或低點水平位以及主要或次要的支撐反轉水平位。
大的時間框架在確認支撐阻力線方面作用顯著，因為它們顯示的是價格的主要“阻礙”。而為了找出更加準確的支撐阻力線，你在小的時間框架中仍然需要做同樣的事。在上圖中您已經註意到，和以前的那些線相比，一些近期的高低擺動已經發生輕微的變動。您可以通過放大跨度較大的時間框架圖來解決這個問題。理想的狀況是將其轉換成週線圖，但我們直接選擇日線圖以此來看到一個更加完整的新世界。
看到上圖中藍色的中期阻力支撐位以及圓圈了嗎？請註意，上圖是日線圖，所以這些中期水平位在經過壓縮後的月線圖中很難找出。當切換到更小的時間框架中時，大時間框架中看不到的、更小的中期支撐阻力位便顯現出來。
我們以這種時間框架自上而下的方法得出的結論是，大的時間框架提供支撐阻力位的總體格局，而小時間框架則展現中期水平、更適合短期交易。
記住：圖中的線只是市場即將發生的行為的另一種解讀。市場不是線的壓縮，它們是各種信息的簡化：我們可以從中解讀現實並且不至於瘋狂。沒有100%的規則可以幫助你很好地劃出並且利用支撐阻力線。交易中，總是尋找“確定”是無用的——事實上，如果你理解本文，那麼這追求也是沒有必要的。你不可能總是正確，你能做的就是樹立正確的規則從而降低錯誤帶來的影響。
Identify support and resistance on a chart
In this section we are going through the basics of support and resistance lines. S&R lines conform the most basic analytical tools and are commonly used as visual markers to trace the levels where the price found a temporary barrier. In other words, where price had trouble crossing. These levels can be found on any chart and any time frame either 1 minute or 1 month. Some of these lines remain valid for years.
Lines are very powerful tools for the analysis because they trace significant price levels at which traders will take action. This increases the probability of anticipating the course of the exchange rate. Usually, the higher the time frame where a line is displayed the stronger it will be in terms of capitalizations and impact. But even on a 1 minute chart you can find and act upon them.
Horizontal support and resistance lines
To draw a line you need at least two contact points where price has bounced. These points are highs or lows registered on the chart. The more contact points a line has, the more traders will be watching it as a significant level. If a line has solely two points of contact, or if these are not really bounces, the majority may not take it into consideration and the breaking of the line may not have a big impact.
As you see on the chart below, some lines have acted as a temporary barrier where price came to touch it, even pierced it, and eventually crossed it, whereas other lines acted as a more permanent barrier where price was clearly rejected. Candlesticks already evidence those levels with their bodies and wicks, but lines make it even easier to see.
Some lines can last for years and remain active in the present, even when most of today's market participants didn't contribute to form that line in the past. Prepare yourself to identify lines from the 80's and 90's when charting in longer time frames!
The chart below is a monthly chart showing the price action on the USD/JPY. As you can see, many levels hold for several years, therefore we can expect them to remain active in the future. The best you can do when starting to draw lines is to color code them as all-time highs and lows, as well as primary and secondary S&R levels.
Higher time frames offer a good perspective on the most relevant S&R levels, because they show the main barriers. But you still have to do the same on lower time frames to find more accurate levels. From the chart above you can already notice that some recent high and low swings have slightly migrated in comparison to the earlier ones.
You can solve this by zooming at lower time frames. Ideally you should switch to the weekly time frame, but we are jumping straight to the daily so that you can see a complete new world.
Do you see all these intermediate levels shown by the blue lines and circles? Note the above chart is a daily chart. These intermediate levels were barely visible on the monthly chart shown before because of the time compression. When switching to lower timeframes, secondary support and resistance levels which were not visible on the higher timeframe appear.
The conclusions we arrive from this top-down approach in timeframes is that higher timeframes offer a general view on the most important S&R levels, while lower timeframes show intermediate levels more appropriate to short term trading.
Remember: lines on a chart are just interpretations of what is going on in the market. The market is not composed by lines, they are therefore reductions of all the information the market contains.; a reduction allowing us to read and interpret the reality without going mad.
To draw and work effectively with S&R lines, there are no generic nor 100% objective rules. In trading, it's useless to strive for certainty all the time - in fact, it's not even necessary as you will understand during this course. Knowing that you can't be right all the time, the best you can do is to establish certain rules in order to reduce the impact of your mistakes. As to how develop such rules you will be geared with some guidelines during this chapter.
本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供
文章來源：http://www.fxstreet.com/education/learning-center/unit-1/chapter-4/identify-support-and-resistance-on-a-chart/