大數據和人工智能怎樣影響投資

  Jennifer Wills  2016年9月25日

散戶投資者不是總有時間進行賺錢機會的研究。幸運的是，大數據和人工智能的興起能幫助個人投資者做出更明智的投資選擇。

數據挖掘技術的使用

由於數據發覺技術的公開，現在個人投資者可以獲得以前機構投資者才能得到信息和市場預測。許多投資者認為華爾街在向公衆開放大數據時比較猶豫，因為這將對許多投資公司的賺錢能力造成潛在威脅。如果散戶投資者能夠獲得和機構投資相同的信息和金融預測，個人執行的工作可能要比金融公司提供的服務多，最終導致金融公司的損失。

個性化投資服務

由於大數據的出現，金融行業正在學習更加貼近投資者並了解投資者投資組合、需求和目標以便提供更加個性化的服務。例如，除了簡單的出售產品和賺錢，金融顧問必須解釋適合每個客戶目標的投資機會，以便客戶能了解投資的基礎和賺錢的可能。

由於賭博長久以來對的人類心理的影響，類似的技術也將會被運用到投資者中。更多的手機應用將能用於調查、購買和出售投資。隨著金融行業將其註意力從中產階級男性轉移到更廣泛的客戶基礎，將會出現更多創造財富機會。

人工智能和交易

算法交易現在占全球每天交易的70%。因此，在交易了167年後，芝加哥商品交易所在2016年關閉了其大部分交易大廳，因為交易員正在迅速被人工智能取代。同樣的，紐約證券交易所和納斯達克的約75%交易是由機器實現的，這導致了更多的失業。

人工智能不斷獲得更多的經驗並在運行中獲得更多的信息，使極其的表現可能超過人類。例如，高盛利用人工智能分析大數據以及天氣、新聞和事件對金融市場的影響。另外，2015年推出的對沖基金中有接近40%使用人工智能做投資決定。此外，在過去七年中，使用人工智能的基金變現通常好於證券和其他基金。表現沒有其他基金好的對沖基金從錯誤中吸取了教訓。

取代金融分析師

許多投資者相信人工智能將會取代投資分析師。由於花費大量時間收集和分析數據，人工智能能在幾分鐘實現這些功能，使用人工智能將節省大量的時間和金錢。另外，人類需要大量時間來發展並從錯誤中學習，而人工智能能迅速糾正自己的錯誤。此外，人類在接受市場環境的變化時可能很緩慢，而人工智能能迅速自動接受這些變緩。

經紀公司和人工智能

許多經紀公司向人工智能提供客戶信息以便更好的配置投資組合。將每個投資者收入、風險狀況、期望回報和其他信息輸入一個電腦。軟件將會將會根據這些信息選擇合適的投資並進行日常管理。

使用人工智能的散戶投資者能節省時間和資金，不需要支付個人金融顧問的調查、選擇和管理投資組合費用。同時，使用人工智能的基金不收取通常投資公司收取的管理費用。此外，人工智能能在非常短的時間内實現交易，電腦可以發現股票和指數的小價格變化獲得更多利潤。而且人工智能不會有恐懼心理，這意味著他們不太可能在市場下跌時出售和在市場上漲時買入。

總結

大數據和人工智能似乎將會成為未來的是市場主導。通過不斷的使用和改進，二者將會很可能繼續改進散戶投資者的賺錢方式並塑造金融領域的未來。

How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Affect Investing

By Jennifer Wills | September 25, 2016 — 8:00 AM EDT

Retail investors do not always have time to research opportunities for making money. Fortunately, the rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) is helping individual investors make more informed investment choices.

Access to Data Mining

Due to the increase in data mining becoming available for the public, investors can gain information and insights in the marketplace that were formerly available only to institutional investors. Many investors believe that Wall Street was hesitant to accept making big data available to the public because it posed a potential threat to the ways many investment firms make money. If retail investors are able to gain the same facts and financial forecasts as institutional investors, individuals may perform more of the work themselves rather than utilizing the firms’ services, resulting in substantial losses.

Personalizing Investment Services

Because of big data, the financial industry is learning how to get closer to investors and learn about each client’s portfolio, needs and objectives for a more personalized service. For example, rather than simply selling financial products and making money, advisors must explain investment opportunities that best suit each client’s objectives so that clients understand the basis for investing and the potential for earning money.

Due to the rise of gaming engaging people’s minds for long time periods, similar technology will be used to engage investors digitally. More mobile applications will be available for researching, buying and selling investments. More opportunities for wealth creation will become available as the financial industry shifts its focus from largely middle-class males to a much more varied client base.

Artificial Intelligence and Trading

Algorithmic trading comprises approximately 70% of trades made on worldwide exchanges daily. Because of this, after 167 years of trading, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group closed most of its doors in 2016 because traders were rapidly being replaced by AI. Also, approximately 75% of trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (NASDAQ) are performed by machines, which may lead to further job losses.

AI continually gains more experience and digests more information as it operates, potentially allowing machines to outperform humans. For example, Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) uses AI for analyzing big data and how weather, news and events impact financial markets. Also, approximately 40% of hedge funds launched in 2015 used AI for making investment decisions. In addition, for the past seven years, funds based on AI have often outperformed equities and other funds. Hedge funds that failed to outperform other funds learned how to improve based on their mistakes.

Replacement of Financial Analysts

Many investors believe that AI will take the place of investment analysts. Because analysts spend hours collecting and analyzing data, and AI can perform those functions in minutes, much time and money is saved by using machines. Also, humans take time to evolve and learn from their mistakes, whereas AI may correct its errors in minutes. In addition, humans may be slow to adapt to changing market conditions, whereas machines adapt quickly and without human input.

Brokerage Firms and Artificial Intelligence

Many brokerage companies supply client information to machines for better portfolio management. Each investor’s income, risk profile, expected return and other details are entered into a computer. The software creates a selection of appropriate investments and manages them daily.

Benefits of Artificial Intelligence

Retail investors may save time and money utilizing AI for investing rather than paying personal advisors to research, select and manage their portfolios. Also, funds chosen by a machine do not have the management costs typically charged by investment firms. In addition, because AI can place trades in less than one second, computers can exploit small changes in stock prices or indexes to bring in more profit. Furthermore, machines do not understand greed or fear, meaning they are unlikely to sell when the market is down or buy when the market is up.

The Bottom Line

Big data and AI appear to be here to stay. Through continued use and improvement, the two are likely to continue improving how retail investors grow their money and shape the future of the financial sector.

本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供

文章來源：http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/092516/how-big-data-and-artificial-intelligence-affect-investing.asp