技術分析二——圖表基础

下面是你需要知道的幾點概念。
1、柱狀圖
每一個柱狀長條都代表一段時間內的價格走勢。“時間段”可以長達一個月，也可以是一分鐘，其中，其中日線圖最受歡迎。
 
OHLC代表了價格條上的四個要素：開盤價（O）、最高價（H）、最低價(L)、收盤價(C)。
2、開盤價和收盤價
開盤價：從當天（或交易週期）的第一筆交易價格，人們會在開市時根據前一天的收盤價下單。收盤價：是當天（或交易週期）的最後一筆交易價格。機構投資人通常會根據一天的走勢在收盤時下單。開盤價顯示了市場的波動情緒，而收盤價（大多數情況下）是經過合理的、深入研究得出的結果。開盤價和收盤價對下一個週期的價格影響是很大的。但是，在分析本週期市場走勢時應該被忽略。
3、波動範圍
波動範圍是指一天內或一個週期內，最高價和最低價之間的區間。
4、主導地位
每個交易都需要有一個買家和賣家---因此，買賣雙方的人數是均衡的。如果在目前價位上，潛在的買方數量多餘賣方，那麼價格將會在買方的推動下上升，直到價格重新達到平衡為止。如果賣方人數多於買方，那麼相反的情況就會發生----價格因賣方的壓力而走低。一方超越另外一方的情況就叫做擁有主導地位。
我們可以根據之前的收盤價位、波動範圍和開盤價推斷出哪一方占主導地位。
5、進場的熱衷度
如果價格在大量的買家推動下上漲，一些買家會因較高的價格而放棄交易，這時更多的賣家會被吸引進場。由於價格因素引起的買賣雙方進出市場的比率被稱作主導方的熱衷度。
如果買方不顧價格的上漲堅持進場，那麼價格將會繼續升高，這時買方將無法獲利。同樣的，如果賣方持續的做空，市場價格也會因此繼續下跌。。
買賣雙方的交易熱衷度在市場上也是有線索可尋的：
• 本次收盤價與上次收盤價的相對位置
• 收盤價和波動範圍的關係
• 擴大或縮小的價格波動範圍
• 連續K線波動範圍間的差距
• 交易量
6、多頭和空頭頭寸
由於外匯交易（尤其是交易期貨和期權）的複雜性，外匯交易者通常不使用賣和賣來形容多頭和空頭頭寸。做多意味著買進看漲期權或期貨合約，並希望從它們看漲的價格上獲利。做空意味著出售資產，買入看跌期權，或者是賣出看漲期權，或者是買入期貨合約，試圖因該資產的價格下跌獲利。做空需要你“賣出別人的資產”，因為你沒有自己的資產。當價格下跌後，你再買入該資產去“償還該資產”。空頭通常情況下只會持續幾天，並且需要經紀商協助有經驗的交易者進行做空操作。
如果你只是做多，那麼做空信號即是你平倉的信號。
開倉 = 建立多頭或空頭頭寸
平倉 = 放棄多頭或空頭頭寸
獲利=減少多頭或口頭頭寸
通常情況下，市場並沒有明確的走勢。比如道瓊斯指數可以是持續很多年的牛市；而第二輪的向上需要經過幾個月的下跌校正；也有可能會是本週內的反彈。
 
市場週期可以包括：:
• 以年計算的長期或主要趨勢
• 3週至6個月的次要趨勢
• 三週以內的短期趨勢
• 日內走勢
需要記住的重點是：長期趨勢影響短期趨勢。
在上升趨勢中，第二輪的上漲會比調整強勁。在下降趨勢中，調整大多數情況下會比下降強勁。不同時間框架下的趨勢交替的時候市場可能出現異常。它們會相互抵消並有一個走勢，這會導致極度的高點或低值。
7、圖表分析
避免一直沉迷在日內圖表走勢中，至少要在兩個時間框架內分析價格走勢。要根據較大時間框架下的價格走勢來判斷它們對小時間框架內價格的影響。根據相鄰的最高價位或最低價位來預測此輪走勢的長度。

Chart Basics
Here are some of the basic concepts that you will need to know:
Bar Charts
Each bar represents price performance for a specific period. These periods may be as long as a month or as short as a minute, daily bars being the most popular.
 
OHLC stands for the 4 elements displayed on a typical price bar:
• opening price;
• highest price;
• lowest price; and
• closing price.
Opening and Closing Prices
Opening price is taken from the first trade of the day (or period). The public tend to place orders at the opening of the market, reacting to the previous day's close. Closing price is taken from the last trade of the day (or period). Institutional investors normally watch developments during the day and place orders towards the close. Opening price indicates the emotional direction of the market and the closing price represents (in most cases) a more reasoned and well-researched view.
Open and close are only significant for periods with a definite break before the next opening, as with days or weeks. They should be ignored in analyzing intra-day charts or markets that are open 24 hours a day.
Range
The range is the difference between the highest and lowest prices traded during a day (or period).
Control
For every transaction there must be a buyer and a seller - so the actual number of buyers and sellers is always equal. If there are more potential buyers than sellers at the current price, buying pressure will force the price upwards until equilibrium is re-established. The opposite occurs if there are more sellers than buyers - prices will be forced downward. The side that outweighs the other is said to have control.
We can identify control from the position of the closing price in relation to:
• The previous closing price;
• The range; and
• The opening price.
See Bar Charts for more details.
Commitment
If an excess of buyers forces price to rise, some buyers will be deterred by the higher prices and withdraw, and more sellers may be enticed into the market. The rate of withdrawal/entry in response to changing prices is referred to as the commitment (or eagerness) of the party in control.
If buyers are strongly committed they will not deterred by rising prices and will continue to bid the price up, with little profit-taking. Likewise, if sellers are committed they will not be deterred by lower prices and will continue to sell the stock down.
The market provides a number of clues as to the commitment of buyers and sellers:
• the position of closing price relative to the previous close;
• the position of closing price relative to the range;
• expanding or contracting ranges;
• gaps between consecutive ranges; and
• volume traded.
Long and Short Positions
Because of the complexity of trading positions, especially when trading in futures and options, traders avoid the terms buy and sell, and refer to long and short positions.
Long
Going long means buying an asset, a call option or a futures contract with a view to profiting from a rise in the price of the underlying asset.
Short
Going short means selling an asset, buying a put option, selling a call option, or entering a futures contract with a view to profiting from a decline in the price of the underlying asset. Short-selling requires that you borrow stock for delivery, as you have sold an asset you do not own. The intention is to buy later, when the price has fallen, in order to repay the borrowed stock. Short positions are normally only of a few days duration and should only be attempted by experienced traders with the assistance of their broker.
If you are only trading the long side of the market, short signals should be interpreted as a signal to close any long position.
Entry = Open a long or short position.
Exit = Quit a long or short position.
Take profits = Reduce a long or short position.
Time Frames
Markets often trend in more than one direction at the same time: The Dow can be in an upward bull trend (which may endure for several years); while the secondary cycle corrects downwards over several months; and a short-term rally occurs during the current week.
 
Market cycles may include:
• Long-term (or primary) trends that are measured in years;
• Intermediate (or secondary) trends of 3 weeks up to 6 months;
• Short-term cycles of less than 3 weeks; and
• Intra-day cycles.
What is important to remember is that long-term trends influence short-term trends.
In an up-trend, rallies tend to be stronger than corrections. In a down-trend, corrections are mostly stronger than rallies.
Unusual conditions can be created by the interaction of cycles in different time frames. They may offset each other or they may overlap and act in the same direction, resulting in an extreme peak or trough.
Chart Analysis
Avoid becoming hypnotized by movements on daily or intra-day charts. Always analyze charts in at least 2 time frames:
1. Determine the strength and direction of longer term trends and gauge their effect on the cycle being traded.
2. Then analyze the cycle being traded.
Estimate the length of cycles by measuring the time taken between consecutive peaks (or troughs)

本人來源：http://www.incrediblecharts.com/technical/chart_basics.php

本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供