Russ Koesterich 2015年8月21日
上週是對股票來說的另一個艱難時期,特點是由於中國貨幣意外貶值產生的上週中期的劇烈抛售。對於許多投資者來說,這一現象增強了對這個世界第二大經濟體增長前景的擔憂。盡管美國股市仍有彈性,其他市場卻面臨巨大壓力。歐洲股市在中國貨幣貶值和歐元升值使出口商損失慘重的時候尤為艱難。
而且還傳傳出了使人們擔心另一趨勢的消息:美國通脹率急劇下降。通脹率太小和太大是一樣危險的,通脹率預期減小可能預示未來經濟增長放緩。
也就像我在一週評論裡說的:“緩慢增長和沒有增長有巨大的區別,因此把上週事件放到整體環境考慮非常重要。”
人民幣的意外貶值
我不認為中國的舉動會有那樣可怕的影響,由於新興市場的支援減少,這更可能使全球經濟放緩。
這需要從貨幣相對強勢的背景下考慮:人民幣是少數過去五年對美元升值的貨幣之一。如此看來,這一舉動可以看成是向市場決定匯率的轉移和更廣泛的金融自由化。此外,在中期内,它將給經濟一些溫和的刺激。
通脹預期下降
盡管通脹預期劇烈下降和出現另一個美國經濟增長低於趨勢的信號,我不認為會出現通貨緊縮。上週出現了更多的關於美國經濟將會在下半年溫和增長的信號,盡管不太可能大幅度增加。零售、工業生產和生產價值的報告都是堅實的。
最後,最近大多數通貨膨脹預期的下降是由大宗商品下降造成的,尤其是原油。上週,所有的新聞頭條都在關註石油交易價格下降到6年半以來的最低點。然而,產生這一現象的原因是供大於求,這是由美國鑽井數量的平穩增長和產量增加導致的。
至於對投資者來說這意味著什麼,這有一個關鍵的導讀:這將給金融市場帶來巨大的波動性。
根據Bloomberg的數據,在上週的頂峰, 測量標準普爾500指數的VIX指數,從前一週的低點上升了50%。雖然波動性還是低於長期平均水平,過去幾年低波動性的形勢與增長緩慢、不穩定的通脹預期的和美元年底即將進行加息的情況不符。
Signs of a Struggling Economy?
By Russ Koesterich | Updated August 21, 2015
Last week was another difficult one for stocks, marked by a bruising mid-week selloff triggered by China’s surprise devaluation of its currency. For many investors, the move reinforced fears about the growth prospects of the world’s second-largest economy. Though U.S. equities remained resilient, other markets came under pressure. European equities in particular struggled as the fall in China’s currency and the appreciation of the euro hit exporters especially hard.
It also did not help that the news came on the back of another worrisome trend: an accelerating decline in U.S. inflation expectations. Too little inflation can be just as perilous as too much, as a decline in inflation expectations can indicate slower growth ahead.
That said, as I write in my new weekly commentary, “The Scene Is Set for Higher Volatility,” there is a big difference between slow growth and no growth, so it’s important to put last week’s events in context.
China’s surprise devaluation.
While I don’t believe China’s move has the dire repercussions some have suggested, it does fit within the broader narrative of a slowing global economy, with less support from emerging markets.
But it needs to be viewed in the context of the currency’s relative strength: The yuan was one of few currencies to have appreciated against the dollar over the past five years. In that light, the move can be viewed as part of a shift toward a market-determined exchange rate and broader financial liberalization. In addition, over the intermediate term, it should provide some modest stimulus to that economy.
Declining inflation expectations.
Despite the slump in inflation expectations and other signs that U.S. growth remains below trend, I don’t view deflation as a real risk. Last week brought more evidence that U.S. economic growth should be modestly higher in the second half of the year, although it’s unlikely to surge. Reports on retail sales, industrial production and producer prices were all solid.
Finally, much of the recent drop in inflation expectations is being driven by lower commodity prices, particularly oil. Last week, headlines were focused on oil trading down to a six-and-a-half-year low. However, this had more to do with supply than demand and was mostly a U.S. phenomenon, driven by the recent stabilization in the U.S. rig count as well the fact that production has remained resilient, despite the pullback in drilling activity.
As for what this means for investors, there’s one key takeaway: the ingredients are in place for more financial market volatility.
At its peak last week, the VIX Index, which measures volatility of the S&P 500 Index, was up 50 percent from the previous week’s low, according to Bloomberg data. Yet volatility is still below its long-term average, and the low-volatility climate of the past few years is incompatible with a world marked by slow growth, unstable inflation expectations and a likely Federal Reserve rate hike before year’s end.
本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供
文章來源:http://www.investopedia.com/partner/blackrock/articles/investing/082115/signs-struggling-economy.asp