Thom Tracy 2016年7月30日
多國家選擇使用美元而不是他們自己的貨幣。這種情況被稱為“美元化”，這主要是因為一個國家的貨幣增長緩慢而採用美元作為代替品。美元化發生在高通脹率的不穩定經濟體中。通過接受美元進行交易和持有美元對沖其本國貨幣，外國進行非官方的貨幣替代。
美元可以用於購買商品和服務，但是美元不能取代其本國貨幣作為交易工具。當一個國家不再使用本國貨幣並且把美元當作法定貨幣時則出現完全美元化。然而，如果國家在完全美元化轉換之後經濟繼續下跌，可能會招致該國在國外央行的巨額欠款。在下面5個國家中，美元交易是被完全接受的。
厄瓜多爾
在厄瓜多爾旅行的美國人不需要擔心貨幣轉換費用和匯率。1999年，受到石油價格下跌的影響，厄瓜多爾蘇克雷喪失了超過82%的價值。當時的總統Jamil Mahuad在2000年1月央行主席宣佈辭職並且蘇克雷被正式抛棄後宣佈進入緊急狀態。2015年，85%厄瓜多爾人繼續支持美元化，但是美元的強勢和新一輪原油價格的下跌為該國經濟增加了更多壓力。
巴拿馬
巴拿馬對美元的使用早於1903年巴波亞的使用，當時該國宣佈從哥倫比亞獨立。美元是該國的一個自然宣佈，因為美國公司在19世紀80年代法國人失敗之後設計並建造了50英裡的巴拿馬運河，並在1914年完工。美元在巴拿馬被平價使用或者說匯率為1：1。兩種法定貨幣的使用可以使美國遊客很方便的使用美元購買巴拿馬商品和服務。
越南
越南的官方貨幣是越南盾，於1978年投入使用。在越南，出租車司機、旅館和餐館接收美元，盡管越南央行試圖阻塞該國大量的美元供應。出示美元報價或者接受美元付款的商人會被罰款，在岘港和河内一間豪華酒店房間只需80美元。
伯利茲
伯利茲元兌換美元匯率為2：1.攜帶美元的遊客在到達之後不需要兌換貨幣。伯利茲商品有美元價格標註，而且大多數商家接受美元付款，但是找零換成當地貨幣。遊客會被建議完全掌握匯率，把伯利茲元當成美元使用。遊客最多可以攜帶5000美元，而且數量必須在海關公開。
津巴佈韋
除了美元之外，津巴佈韋是個還使用南非蘭特、人民幣和歐元多貨幣體系。搖搖欲墜的經濟和極度惡劣通脹情況導致該國自2009年起用美元代替其本國貨幣，當時該國的商品和服務價格機會時刻變化。2015年美元兌蘭特的升值降低該國旅遊業的上漲，證明了預測的300萬遊客量被高估了三分之一。
5 Countries Where the USD Is Commonly Accepted
By Thom Tracy | July 30, 2016 — 10:00 AM EDT
Numerous countries have elected to use U.S. currency rather than their own. The phenomenon, known as dollarization, often results from a developing nation’s sovereign currency growing so weak that the U.S. dollar is adopted as a substitute. Dollarization takes place in unstable economies that have high rates of inflation. By accepting the U.S. dollar for transactions and holding it as an inflationary hedge against their own currencies, foreign countries participate in unofficial currency substitution.
Dollars can be used to purchase goods and services, but the U.S. currency does not supplant the nation’s domestic means of exchange. Full dollarization occurs when a nation no longer issues its own currency and treats the dollar as legal tender. One advantage to dollarization in emerging markets is the facilitation of trade with the country that issues the currency. However, if the host nation’s economy continues to stumble after the conversion, that country may incur significant debt at the hands of foreign central banks. In the following five nations, the U.S. dollar is commonly accepted for transactions.
Ecuador
Americans traveling in Ecuador have no need to worry about currency conversion fees and exchange rates. In 1999, shaken by a decline in oil prices, the Ecuadorian sucre had lost about 82% of its value. Past President Jamil Mahuad, in January 2000, declared a state of emergency after which its central bank president resigned and the sucre was officially jettisoned for the U.S. dollar. In 2015, 85% of Ecuadorians continue to favor dollarization, but the strength of the U.S dollar and another bout of depressed prices in crude, the country’s main export, have put more pressure on the economy.
Panama
Panama’s use of the U.S. dollar in addition to its Panamanian balboa dates back to 1903, when the nation declared independence from Colombia. The dollar was a natural choice for the country, as U.S. firms designed and built the 50-mile Panama Canal, finishing in 1914 after failed French attempts in the 1880s. The dollar is accepted in Panama at par or at an exchange rate of one to one. Two official currencies allow U.S. travelers the convenience of using dollars freely for Panamanian goods and services.
Vietnam
The official currency of Vietnam is the dong, which was established in 1978, three years after Saigon fell to North Vietnam and became Ho Chi Minh City. In Vietnam, taxi drivers, hotels and restaurants accept U.S. dollars, though the State Bank of Vietnam has sought to choke the vast supply of U.S. dollars floating around the developing nation. Merchants are fined for listing prices or receiving payments in U.S. dollars, only 80 of which fetches a luxury hotel room in Da Nang or Hanoi.
Belize
The Belizean dollar is exchanged for U.S. dollars at a rate of two to one. Visitors carrying dollars do not need to exchange currencies upon arrival. Prices are listed in Belizean dollars, and most businesses gladly accept U.S. dollars as payment, but change is given in the native currency. Tourists are advised to have a firm grasp of exchange rates, as the Belize dollar uses an identical symbol to the U.S. dollar. Travelers can only bring a maximum of 5,000 USD, and amounts must be declared at customs.
Zimbabwe
In combination with the U.S. dollar, Zimbabwe also uses the South African rand, Chinese yuan and euro in its multi-currency system. A faltering economy and extreme hyperinflation has led to the African nation to substitute its dollar for the U.S. dollar since 2009, when prices for goods and services often changed by the minute. A strengthening dollar against the rand in 2015 slowed tourism in the country, whose projections of 3 million visitors proved overestimated by about one-third.
本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供
文章來源：http://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/073016/5-countries-where-usd-commonly-accepted.asp