量子計算也許就是下一個時代話題。量子計算與傳統電腦不同，普通計算機中的2位寄存器在某一時間僅能存儲4個二進制數（00、01、10、11）中的一個，而量子計算機中的2位量子位寄存器可同時存儲這四種狀態的疊加狀態。 BT Americas的安全咨詢首席技術官Konstantinos Karagiannis表示，量子位可以同時分析所有的信息和可能性，這是普通計算機做不到的。量子計算的優勢不是它的速度，而是它進入了另一個分析、訪問數據的維度。
那麼量子計算會怎樣摧毀比特幣呢？量子計算某個特點能夠破解公鑰密碼。這類密碼極度依賴當前電腦所能顯示的字符數量。用傳統電腦進行公鑰加密是個曠日持有的任務，但隨著量子計算的出現公鑰加密就變得很簡單。比特幣的區塊鍊結構是基於橢圓曲線密碼學(ECC)，一種基於橢圓曲線數學的公鑰密碼的方法。
Karagiannis 的新版本Shor算法可以找出比特幣使用的所有ECC公鑰。量子計算摧毀了整個區塊鍊，從而獲得交易比特幣所需的私鑰。
除此之外，隨著人工智能的出現和不斷發展，在未來的世界，也許我們可以用深度分析和更負責的算法，在幾毫秒内獲取到所有人的加密信息。
Quantum Computing – Risk for Cryptography And Bitcoin?
Quantum computing may be the next big thing. The concept of quantum computing comes from the fact that unlike the bit in the classical silicon computer, which is basically a binary choice of either one or zero, a qubit (the core of quantum computers) will alternate between one, zero or a position of in-between these two. This new state is called “superposition”. According to Konstantinos Karagiannis, the Chief Technology Officer at Security Consulting at BT Americas, the qubit will be able to analyze all information and possibilities simultaneously, something that the regular computer cannot do. The major advantage of quantum computing will not be speed, but entering another dimension of analysis and access to data.
So, how can quantum computing crack bitcoin? One of the features of quantum computers will be cracking the Public Key cryptography or PK. This type of cryptography heavily relies on the factoring of large numbers, as currently performed by classical computers. This is a lengthy, time-consuming process, but with the advent of quantum computing, the PK cryptography should be a normal task. Thus, since Bitcoin’s structure (its blockchain) is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography or ECC, which is in fact, a PK cryptography system that finds numbers on an elliptic curve. According to Karagiannis, a new modified version, known as Shor’s algorithm may find all ECC needed keys used by Bitcoin. What quantum computing can do is track the entire blockchain and thus get the private key for each person that transacts with Bitcoin.
Apart from that, with Artificial Intelligence and the constant innovations, we may soon find a world where there is a need to read everyone’s encrypted information in milliseconds, with in-depth analyses and more sophistication.
本文翻譯由兄弟財經提供
文章來源：https://www.leaprate.com/cryptocurrency/quantum-computing-risk-cryptography-bitcoin/